A New Perspective On International Business - 1078 Words

International business has been and continues to be a rapidly growing dimension with communication and transportation advances enabling companies to service a world market. This brings about a new perspective when conducting business in a foreign country, with the need to consider different laws, economic policies, political climates, cultural dynamics, and social factors. Obligatory for its success, a company wishing to expand globally must look at these differences when formulating its international business plan. Additionally, on the heels of such scandals such as those involving Enron, WorldCom, and Satyam Computer Services, investors desire a single international accounting standard; however, hold differing opinions as to what that single standard should be. In the United States, Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) outlines for accountants the acceptable practices regarding the preparation of financial statements. GAAP, developed by the Financial Accounting Stand ards Board (FASB) and known for being more rules-based, specifies the presentation of financial data on the balance statement, income statement, and statement of cash flows. While certain circumstances allow for deviation from GAAP, those deviations must be disclosed. Internationally, accounting standards are under the eye of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and referred to as International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), which is known for being principles-basedShow MoreRelatedInternational Marketing. Submitted By: Zeinab Amin. Submitted1484 Words   |  6 Pages International Marketing Submitted by: Zeinab Amin Submitted by: Melanie Simmons International Business Northern Alberta Institute of Technology March 12, 2017 â€Æ' Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 3 INTERNATIONAL MARKETING 4 MARKETING PLAN 5 FACTORS EFFECTING INTERNATIONAL MARKETING 6 PEST ANALYSIS 6 POLITICAL 6 ECONOMIC 7 SOCIAL 8 TECHNOLOGICAL 8 INTERNATIONAL MARKETING STRATEGIES 8 EXPORTING 9 LICENSING AND FRANCHISING 9 JOINT VENTURE 10 DIRECT INVESTMENTS 10 CONCLUSION 10 REFERENCES 12 â€Æ' INTRODUCTIONRead MoreIntroduction. Coca-Cola Is One Of The Company That Gets1482 Words   |  6 Pagesoutside of the United States; this is a perfect example of international Marketing. The term ‘international marketing’ is not only based on marketing, but rather more building, and executing a solid marketing plan and actively looking for opportunities to expand a given business by moving to new geographic markets, finding new offerings, and products and services that would fit within your company. No doubt expanding a business to an international market can be very challenging. It is costly to implementRead MoreMulticultural Considerations in Business880 Words   |  3 PagesMulticultural Considerations in Business There are many different impacts that culture has on the way business is conducted; cultural systems of values and beliefs lead to specific interpretations of events and interactions, and different demands and expectations for business relationships often exist for individuals from different cultural backgrounds. Engaging in international and multicultural business requires a level of understanding and awareness of specific cultural issues that might ariseRead MoreBusiness Relationships Within A Business Network Context1231 Words   |  5 Pagespolicy†, Journal of International Management, 7, pp. 235-51. 2. Alvarez, S.A. Busenitz L.W., (2001) The entrepreneurship of resource-based theory. Journal of Management, 27(6), p. 755-775 3. Anderson, J., Hakansson, H. and Johanson, J. (1994). Dyadic Business Relationships within a Business Network Context. Journal of Marketing, 58(4), p.1. 4. Andersson, S. Ingemar W. (2003) Innovative Internationalisation in New firms: Born Globals - the Swedish Case. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 1Read MoreCase Study : Regional Medical Centre Essay919 Words   |  4 Pagesuniversity support for the nearby medical college. The business intelligence balanced scorecard which was incorporated in the system is as tabulated below: Customer perspective Economic and financial perspective Customer satisfaction grades Revenues for services Point of service surveys Costs for services Complaints/feedbacks Units of service provided Waiting time for first visit Innovation and growth perspective Operations perspective Healthcare market share of region Length of patientRead MoreWhat Role Do Hrm Practices Play in a Business Decision to Expand Internationally?1327 Words   |  6 PagesWhat Role Do HRM Practices Play In A Business Decision To Expand Internationally? Ilein Arteaga 2608214 Florida International University HRM CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTERNATIONAL EXPANSION OF BUSINESS Human Resource practices play a great role in the international expansion of businesses. With globalization being the current trend in businesses all over the world, success of international business units depends heavily on the effective performance of the Human Resource departmentRead MoreThe Importance Of Accounting Standards For Business Affairs1049 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction IFRS is a general global financial language for business affairs that’s understandable globally and comparable across the international boundaries. IFRS initially was formed to harmonize accounting across European Union, but the value of harmonization was so overwhelming and attractive around the world that became a benchmark globally. Importance of Accounting Standards In this assignment I want to explain the importance of the Accounting standards. As the world economy is becoming integratedRead MoreWhy Do Business Internationalise?. International Trade1181 Words   |  5 PagesWhy do business internationalise? International trade can be traced back to ancient years. Our ancestors, with the purpose of increasing the variety of local products, had been trying their best for decades to trade cross border. With the development of international business, international trade theories was developed to explain the benefit nations can get from utilizing free trade pattern and participating in the multilateral trade via opening up strategy by eliminating import control, exportRead MoreIssues in Global Business1296 Words   |  6 PagesModule Title Issues in Global Business and Strategic Concepts       Module Code 6IM 501      Module Level 6 Credit value 40      Total Number 400 of Learning Hours Key Words Implementation of Global strategy, strategy and the organisation, strategic development, globalisation, international business and the environment, internationalisation.      Module Description There has been a fundamental shiftRead MoreCultural Environment Of International Business Essay1327 Words   |  6 Pages Cultural Environment of International Business Vanda Mallo Keiser University â€Æ' Abstract Understanding the management role relative to cultural influences is critical for today’s managers who want to interact proficiently across borders. One important concept which provides insight into the idea of intercultural aptitude is the notion of â€Å"mindfulness† or the ability to interact with others from different cultures. Managers must become more culturally sensitive since diversity in the workplace

Why Pakistani People Have Lost a Sense of Nationality Free Essays

Identity may be defined as a distinctive characteristic of an individual or a particular group of individuals. For one’s survival in this world it is very crucial to maintain his identity. If we expand the criterion of ‘identity’ to national level it is of utmost importance because it is nation’s identity which distinguishes its people from the rest of the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Pakistani People Have Lost a Sense of Nationality or any similar topic only for you Order Now The importance of national Identity can be better analyzed by the fact that it is the base of all the policies, i. e. domestic and foreign policy and hence the social. economic cultural and ethical development of any country partly depends upon its national identity. In other words actions of a nation are determined by its identity. As far as Pakistan’s identity is concerned, it may be divided into three phases, i. e. pre-partition, post partition and present day. The term ‘identity crisis’ is used to denote a particular situation where by an individual, group of individuals or a nation faces conflicts regarding its identity. These conflicts occur when one’s ideological basis and prevailing circumstances contradict in such a way that the prevailing circumstances dominate the ideological basis. . With reference to Pakistan the history of ‘identity crisis’ have its roots in the late Mughal dynasty. The comfort-loving attitude of the rulers, bloodsheds for the throne, abandoned faith, mismanagement of domestic economic and political matters, absence of updated foreign developments and other moral, ethical and social weaknesses were the major forces which contributed in the identity crisis of the Muslims of South Asia. In pre partition era where by Muslims of south Asia have lost their regime and British rule tighten the span of their social , cultural and political life. Actually they lost their rule just because of the ‘lost identity’. After a half century of submissive life they began to find the ‘lost identity’ and they succeeded. The second phase of identity crisis began very after the inception of Pakistan. The Shia/Sunni crisis at the time of partition was the first of all. But luckily at that time, the crisis was pragmatically resolved by Quaid-e-Azam, so it was buried in a hatchet at that time but later on it burst up from different grounds. The second case of identity crisis in the chronology is the crisis of East and West Pakistan. At the time of inception, Pakistan inherited East and West Pakistan with one and four provinces respectively. Population of East Pakistan alone was more than that of the total population of the four provinces of West Pakistan. The seeds of identity crisis were sown with the ‘language controversy’, where by Urdu was declared as the national language of Pakistan while Urdu was the influencing language only in West Pakistan. This language controversy and some other strategies which lead to the deprived feelings among the natives of East Pakistan and the ultimate consequence was an identity crisis in the form of separation of East Pakistan in 1971. Not only the separation of East Pakistan but, a variety of identity crisis cases stood in the post partition era. The list contains delayed constitutional development, unstable political conditions (due to personal likes and dislikes and lust of power), Social injustice and negative image of Pakistan on international screen. Constitution is the base of any new born state but in case of Pakistan this base couldn’t be established even after about a decade of the inception of Pakistan. So when there was no base for people, the process of identity development started very late. Latterly the termination of 1956’s and 1962’s constitutions fulfilled the remaining part of delayed identity development. All these factors further participated in corruption, national disharmony, rigid attitudes, misconceptions about the religion (partly the role played by ‘mullas’), blind practices on unnecessary customs and a list of moral dilemmas. The identity crisis after the partition threw Pakistan in an ignominious status both at domestic and at international arena. Domestically we couldn’t achieve the social status which we’ve dreamt during the Pakistan movement. Economically we stood at the back end of the global economic stage. And above all we were entitled as a ‘terrorist state’ due to some mismanaged and scattered groups. Even some of them really didn’t have the basic knowledge of their ideological agenda. In present day Pakistan, the situation is more hazardous than that of one discussed in the previous phase. Today’s identity crisis is ‘giant’ in nature aiming to nip our ideology form the bud. Now with changing global environment and with the changing role of Pakistan at international level, the nature of identity crisis has become more complex. The present day crisis may be classified as political, social religious and economic identity crisis. The social and religious crisis work in collaboration. On the religious part, the extremist group has developed misconceptions about the religion. On the other hand the society is facing the ‘cultural war’ through different media. In such a situation the nation, preferably the youth has contradictions with religious implications which is making them unaware of their ideological basis. In the second step the attractive evil (the weapon of cultural war) is becoming dominant. So the nation’s ideological basis is being deployed by the prevailing circumstances, creating identity crisis. In this case we can’t blame the young mind (as he’s not getting the proper guideline and he has not been trained in such a way that he can find the roots the purpose of his existence, secondly the so called knowledge of religion he gets is not authentic). The second type of present day identity crisis in Pakistan is political in nature. In fact our political system has always been ruled by reigns in hands of few influencing groups. No such political platforms were built for the coming generations, to ensure their participation in national or international affairs. It is very necessary to train the youth for the participation in national affairs because they are the people who have to run the country in the future. Unluckily our youth didn’t get any such training at any stage of our 59 years history. The ultimate result was that, the administrators belonged to a specific group, making others so annoyed that others even don’t care to have a look at the mismanagement. This imbalance in the political infrastructure restricted the educated youth to participate in the national policies and ultimately the process of policy making enjoyed the influence of un-educated and narrow minded policy makers, who couldn’t devise the identity goals of the nation till yet. At international political arena we are still facing the vicious circle of ‘terrorism’. Even our government ensured Pakistan’s contribution in the ‘war against terrorism’, but being an Islamic state we become the suspect of any international terrorist act. Here the policy of state is ambiguous, which aims to satisfy the western world but the integration of Muslim world is not to be seen any where. In my opinion we don’t know that where we are standing right now, where we have to go and where we are going? On the part of economy, no doubt our economy grew with in last half decade but only at macro level. The poor is still standing on the place where he was a decade ago. Increasing Unemployment, inflation, and poverty etc are not only contributing in social imbalances but because of these factors, a common man is not able to find the basis of his identity. The identity of a nation is its image, and our image today is ‘a tree whose roots have been cut’. This situation is actually showing our lost identity. We have become much concerned about our outer look but we have forgotten the basis on which we have to develop our inner self. If this process keeps on going with the same velocity, the time is not far when the existence of our identity will vanish. It is very crucial to have a breach of the peace against identity crisis. In this regard the most important step is identity education. The identity education should be provided at educational institutions as well as in temporarily organized seminars (seminars should be accessible for general public). Identity education will not work till we present a difference between different cultures. Media censorship should also be there in order to lessen the possible damages of cultural war. Media should also spread the knowledge of values among the common men. And last but not least we all should play our part to improve our religious image at international level. In this connection we can spread the true essence of our religion which is peace. How to cite Why Pakistani People Have Lost a Sense of Nationality, Essay examples

Managing Across Border

Question: Identify and discuss in detail five key issues that managers need to carefully assess when contemplating an overseas expansion. Throughout your discussion, provide details relating to two examples of Australian companies who have successfully expanded their operations overseas. Answer: Introduction This report is prepared for developing understanding of key requirements for internationalization of the business. It focuses on the different issues and challenges that the manager needs to carefully assess while deciding overseas expansion of the existing business. Simultaneously it focuses on different organization that has successfully expanded their business at international level. Globe International and Foster Group are the two most successful companies of Australia that are selected for completion of this report. Key issues Following are major issues that are necessary to be assessed for a manager while going for overseas expansion of its business: Cultural diversity issue Technical development issue Political/legal issues Human resource issue Economic issue Detailed analysis of 5 key issues of the overseas expansion is as below. Cultural diversity issue: Whenever manager/entrepreneur expands its business at international level, it needs to identify the cultural diversity issue and its various implications. Manager needs to assess various culture factors while taking strategic business decisions such as belief, values, traditions, languages, laws, climate, religion, etc (Ferraro and Brody, 2015). Cultural diversity is helpful to improve strategic plan, built a productive culture at the workplace. Hence, organization can sustain for a long period through effective cultural diversity management. Due to differences of culture, the managers may face differences in taste and preferences of customers that is critical factor for their product demand in target market. The manager of the firm identifies the needs and preference of the customers through analysis of cultural factor of a country. Consequently, firm can ensure that whether its products will be successful in a particular country or not. At the same time, manager analyses the employ ees behavior in a different culture that is helpful to create the employees engagement at international level (Banks, 2015). Simultaneously manager can overcome the cultural issue in recruitment through carefully designing and conducting recruitment process in host country. A manager can increase the work efficiency of their employees through cultural training and development (Greenfield and Cocking, 2014). Furthermore, a manager can manages the internal conflict in the organization through appointment of the expatriates in the host country. For example, Australian firm Globe International is successful in shoes, accessories, etc in the Australian market. At the same time company expands its operation at overseas and it has faced the several issues such as the tradition of people, customer belief towards the firm, etc. Along with this, the company uses the research and development to know the customer needs, new innovative products, customize the market strategy according to needs of local culture in the host country (Robbins, et al., 2013). The company provides the culture diversity training to their empl oyees, which is helpful to reduce the cultural issues. In addition, the language barrier is the common issues in every culture. It is because difference of language creates challenges for international companies. Manager can overcome the language issues through develops the strategy policy in new culture. As well as, manager can overcome the language barrier through appoints the local employees in the firm (Greenfield and Cocking, 2014). While the firm increases its operations at international level it faces the advertising issue. In addition to this, cultural difference also affects the acceptance of company products in target market. For example, you cannot sell beef in the Indian market because cows are a sacred animal in India. But at the same time, a manager can mitigate that issue through new cultural ideas. Likewise, a manager can meet the requirement of its customers through effective research and development and customization of products in the host country. Apart from this, organizations face the communication issues during the international expansion. But the managers can address this issue through developing understanding of different. For example, Australian firm Foster Group is the successful firm who operates their business in different countries. Foster Group has also faced the cultural issues like taste and preference of the people, language related, etc. Along with this, company mitigates this issues through innovates the new products according to customer requirements. As well as, the company reduced the language issue through develops the standard language of the culture and reflect the value of the customer, which feels comfortable (Cavusgil, et al., 2014). In addition to this, company focuses on cultural training of its staff. Technical development issue: Technical development plays an imperative role in operating the business successful at international level. Each country has different techniques, therefore, it can be said that techniques have also impact on the performance and production of the firm in the long term. Technology issue can be a major issue for the expansion of business at the international level. For instance, Foster group use the modern technology to operate its business. Simultaneously, level of technology at production units of companies decides the level of output of the firms. It is very important for a manager to assess the level of technology in target market selected for expansion of its business (Johanson and Mattsson, 2015). For example, a telecom company that is looking for overseas expansion of its business (4G services) in a country, it cannot select a country with absence of 4G network. Furthermore, a manager also faces the technical problem during the expansion of business in host country such as research and development, the flow of communication, plant and machinery, technology, etc. Thus, after analysis of above issues a manager removes this issues through purchase of advanced technology, investment in technology, appropriate selection of target market and outsource decision in the host country (Piekkari, et al., 2014). A manager also resolves the technical development issues at globally by adding value for the customer through technology advancement. Simultaneously, manager accesses the opportunity and to refine the products to meet out the needs of the customers. Apart from this, a manager reduces the problem of a technical expert, through appoints the expatriate in the host country. Along with this, the company uses the advanced technology to reduce the technical problems. In the context of technical issues, a manager can analyze the issue of employees resistance towards the acceptance of new technology. Manager should provide the training to their employees for overcoming this issue (Ko and Choo, 2015). Company needs to build the advertising and promotional strategy through various channels. For instance, Globe International provides the quality products with the help of advanced technology. But at the same time, the organization has faced the technology failure issue in the host country. Along with this, the company increases the skill of the employees, through technology, motivation, etc. As well as, the company focuses on recruitment of right people at the right place to reduce the technical issues (Lonard, et al., 2012). Political/legal issues: Managers at multinational firms also face the political and legal issues during the overseas expansion. Consequently, Political and legal issues have a major impact on the company and its production operation. Political relationship of home country and host nation is essential for the firm while going for overseas expansion (Rodan, 2013). Along with this, there are various political and legal factors affect the sustainability of the firm in international market such as tax policies, tariffs laws etc. Rise in tax leads to an increase in product cost. In the case of Foster, it is analyzed that the tax policy of the host country is effective for its operations. Therefore, Foster is effective in attaining growth in international market. Thus, the company invests in low tax policy host country that is helpful to maximize the profitability of the Foster as well as increases the sustainability of the firm in long-term (Useem, 2014). On the other hand, fiscal policy of a country also affects the Foster growth strategy. The company analyses unemployment rate, inflation rate of the host country, which is beneficial for the firm for enhancing their business at international level. Apart from this, trade tariffs also affect the business because it is predictor of future sales of compan7y in target nation. For instance, Globe international analyses the host country tariff policy it is because trade tariff imposed on the imported goods and services of the firm increases the cost of the firm. But Globe international is effective to select host country with low trade tariff that increases the production as well as revenue of the firm. This way, company maximizes its profits globally. Simultaneously, Globe International increases their operation in that country where entry mode regulation is easy to operate (Santoro, 2015). Similarly, the company also analyzes the stability of the government in a host country because stable governments impose the low tax policy and provides the tax rebate. Thus, it is helpful for the firm to raise their productivity at international level. In addition, to this, some legal factors also affect the firm growth strategy at international level like employment law, taxation law, data protection law, effectiveness of intellectual property law etc. In addition to this, the other laws like minimum wage law of nation also affect the country selection decision of managers in a company. Country laws are necessary to be understood by managers, so as to design the flexible Hr policy for a meet out the legal requirements of the host country. Firm provides the health conscious goods for meeting the health and safety regulations of host nation (Steingold, 2015). This way, a company can easily increase its profit at overseas level. Globe international is successful organization at globally. But it has also faced some legal issues in overseas expansion. Company provides effective quality product with the latest technology. But at the same time, company expand their business at globally he faces the various issues like product regulation, patent infringement, antitrust laws, etc (Fernando and Congress, 2015). Therefore, Globe International uses the advanced technology quality products with affordable prices in the host country, which reduces the problem of competition, quality issues, etc. Human resource issues: Human resource plays an imperative role in operating any kind of business at the international level. Therefore, it can be said that Human resource will also affect the performance of the business in a significant manner (Ulrich, 2013). Human resource issue may be faced by manager in the form of non-availability of appropriate human resource in host nation. Along with this, it is significant to the organization for expanding its business that it clearly set the procedures of the human resource because it will be effective reduce substandard performance issues in business. For instance: Fosters is a famous Australian company that faces the human resource issue at the time of the business expansion at the global level. Foster set its business in another country and it did not estimate the procedure towards the incentives for the excellent work and disciplinary measures then it faced various challenges that affected the business of the organization. At the same time, organization has declined the incentive issues and punitive measurement of the workers through the determination of the deadline of the work of the employees. It will be effective for the substandard performance and also enhance the growth of the organization in an effective manner. Moreover, it can be said that human resource is a part of the business because that directly influences the growth of the organization (Saunders, 2011). In contrast, for example, Globe International is also an Australia-based multinational company that is famous for offering the shoes, accessories etc. There are some significant human resource issues that can be faced by the organization at the time of the business expansion. These are such as Labor availability problem, Labors skills issues etc that affect the growth of the company in an effective manner. Global International face the labor availability issues because each country has differed income level that affects the organization. Additionally, a company is not able to appoint the cheap labor in host nation that is big problem for the organization. At the same time, a global international company has not identified the skilled employees for its company that was the big issues because it influences the growth of the company (Rosenberg, 2011). Therefore, the company has determined target for the employees and also determined the wages or salaries according to their work that was effective to the organization because it will be supportive is selection of appropriate person at the appropriate place effectively. Thus, it will be also significant for the successful expansion of the business at the international level and enhance the productivity and growth of the business. At the same time, it can be analyzed that both Fosters and Globe International organization are the Australian Company; therefore, it is based upon the western culture. At the same time, it can be said that in the western country each person has a tendency to accomplish their task at own level but in another country. It is not possible that every person is capable of delegating towards the work at own level. It develops the problem for the company so a company has understood about the hierarchy strategy and implement in the business to successfully expand their business (Rivoli, 2014). In Addition to this, in the hierarchy Strategy Company has determined the position of the workers according to their work and they follow the top management to accomplish the work successfully. It can be said that company has appointed the managers to manage the low-level employees and accomplish the goal of the organization effectively (Jackson et al., 2011). Furthermore, it can be analyzed that the global international have understood the strategy of the others country before the expansion of the business in an effective manner. It will be supportive for enhancing the profitability and growth of the company in long term. At the same time, it will also be beneficial for manager to assess the human resource issues that may be faced by it in target market for increasing customer satisfaction and loyalty for its products (Flamholtz, 2012). Economic Issue: The economic issue is also a significant factor for the managers because it directly affects the performance of the business. In this context, it can be said that economic parameter will be a major issue for operating the business in an effective manner. Along with this, it can be said that there are some significant factors that can affect the expansion of the business. These are such as Gross domestic product, Inflation, Interest rate and exchange rate. They will majorly impact on the performance and growth of the business significantly. For instance: The Fosters is a famous multinational company that offers the various products to its customers. Fosters also face the economic issues during the business expansion at the international level. Currency value of the host nation is also a major economic factor that is necessary for manager to be assessed while selecting a country for internationalization of business. The excellent understanding towards the specific country can be effective for successful business expansion in a long term (Edwards, et al., 2013). At the same time, manager has also faces the inflation issues in the expansion of the business. The Fosters Company has also managed the inflation issues at the time of the expansion of the business at the international level. It has declined prices of the product to attract the more customers towards the utilization of the product and services. At the same time company has selected the cost leadership strategy to offer product at a low price that has been significant for the company to enhance the productivity and growth in long run. Globe International is also a well-known multinational company. It offers the various products and services to its customers and satisfies the needs in an effective manner. Global international has also faced the economic issues at the time of the business expansion at the global level (Cavusgil, et al., 2014). Furthermore, it faced different types of factors in expansion of business. These are such as currency fluctuation, GDP and exchange rate (Boxall, et al., 2011). The company has eliminated its currency rate issues through the utilization of hedging instrument. The hedging instrument is effective to enhance the growth and productivity of the business in a systematic manner (Dyckhoff, et al., 2013). In addition to this, the GDP have also affected the performance of the company hence company can research about the country GDP before an expansion of the business in a specific country because it directs impacts on the sales of the company and it will affect the profitability and fin ancial situation of the company (Bernstein, 2015). Furthermore, a Global international company has been analyzing that the GPD is high or low in target country. If the GDP rate is high it means the purchasing power of the country is high and it will positively impact the growth and productivity of the company. Therefore, Global international select that company with higher GDP rate for enhancing the sales and profitability in long run (Dunning, 2012). Conclusion On the basis of the above discussion it can be summarized that business expansion is significant for enhancing the productivity and growth of the organization. But at the same time, there are various issues that are faced by managers in business expansion at the global level. These are such as human resources issues, cultural issues, technological issues, economical issues and political. There are various strategies that may be utilized by managers for ensuring success in target market such as marketing research, generic strategy and training methods. References Banks, J,A, 2015,Cultural diversity and education, UK: Rutledge. Bernstein, M, H, 2015,Regulating business by independent commission, USA: Princeton University Press. Boxall, P and Purcell, J, 2011, Strategy and human resource management, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Cavusgil, S, T, Knight, G, Riesenberger, J, R., Rammal, H. G and Rose, E. L, 2014, International business , UK: Pearson Australia. Cavusgil,S,T, Knight, G, Riesenberger, J,R., Rammal, H,G and Rose, E.L, 2014,International business, Australia: Pearson Australia. Dunning, J, H, 2012, International Production and the Multinational Enterprise, USA: Routledge. Dyckhoff, H, Lackes, R and Reese, J, 2013, Supply chain management and reverse logistics. USA: Springer Science and Business Media. Edwards, R., Raggatt, P and Small, N, 2013,The learning society: challenges and trends, USA: Routledge. Fernando, J.D. and Congress, E.P, 2015,Social work with immigrants and refugees: Legal issues, clinical skills, and advocacy, UK: Springer Publishing Company. Ferraro, G and Brody, E.K, 2015, Cultural Dimension of Global Business, UK: Routledge. Flamholtz, E, G, 2012, Human resource accounting: Advances in concepts, methods and applications, USA: Springer Science and Business Media. Greenfield, P, M and Cocking, R.R, 2014,Cross-cultural roots of minority child development, UK: Psychology Press. Jackson, B and Parry, K, 2011, A very short fairly interesting and reasonably cheap book about studying leadership, USA: Sage. Johanson, J and Mattsson, L,G, 2015, Internationalization in industrial systemsa network approach, UK: Palgrave Macmillan UK. Ko, R. and Choo, R, 2015,The Cloud Security Ecosystem: Technical, Legal, Business and Management Issues, USA: Syngress. Lonard, D., Colin, J.F., Remue, C., Jamart, J. and Kartheuser, A. (2012) Transanal endoscopic microsurgery: long-term experience, indication expansion, and technical improvements.Surgical endoscopy,26(2), pp.312-322. Piekkari, R., Welch, D and Welch, L, S, 2014, Language in international business: The multilingual reality of global business expansion,USA: Edward Elgar Publishing. Rivoli, P, 2014, New Preface and Epilogue with Updates on Economic Issues and Main Characters, USA: John Wiley and Sons. Robbins, S, Judge, T,A, Millett, B and Boyle, M, 2013,Organisational behavior, Australia: Pearson Higher Education AU. Rodan, G, 2013,Political oppositions in industrialising Asia,UK: Routledge. Rosenberg, E, 2011, Spreading the American dream: American economic and cultural expansion, 1890-1945, UK: Macmillan. Santoro, M.A, 2015,China 2020: How Western business canand shouldinfluence social and political change in the coming decade,USA: Cornell University Press. Saunders, M. N, 2011, Research methods for business students, USA: Pearson Education India. Steingold, F.S, 2015,Legal guide for starting running a small business. USA: Nolo. Ulrich, D ,2013, Human resource champions: The next agenda for adding value and delivering results,UK: Harvard Business Press. Useem, M, 2014,The inner circle: Large corporations and the rise of business political activity in the US and UK,USA: Oxford University Press, USA.

Water

Introduction According to the World Health Organization (WHO), zoonoses are diseases caused by pathogens. Through a natural process, they are transmitted from animals to human beings. With the emerging global issues such as climate change and severe weather conditions, so much has to be done to guarantee environmental safety (Cotruvo, Dufour, Rees, Bartram, Carr, Cliver, Craun, Fayer, Gannon 17).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Water-Related Diseases specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bradley’s Classifications of Water-Related Diseases Bradley gives four main classifications of water-related infections. These include; water-borne infections such as typhoid and cholera, water-washed infections which result from poor personal or domestic cleanliness, water-based infections where part of the pathogens life cycle is in an aquatic environment and finally, infections with water-related insect vectors which are tr ansmitted by insects that breed in water such as mosquitoes (Cotruvo et al. 32-4). The World Health Organization provides two other water-related transmissions. There are those transmitted by inhalation of water aerosols and those passed on by consumption of raw or undercooked contaminated fish (Cotruvo et al. 34). Zoonoses are considered to be water-related for two major reasons. First, part of the pathogen’s life cycle enters water either through feces or urine. Secondly, the pathogen is transmitted from animals to humans through a water-related avenue. This can be either through water ingestion or by contact (Cotruvo et al. 36). One of the factors affecting the distribution of water-borne zoonoses is the presence of contaminated water sources that aid the movement of pathogens from one victim to another. Poor sanitation and disposal of animal and human waste also create healthy breeding grounds for the parasites. Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzias, is an example of a parasitic disease. Snails, water and humans are the main carriers of the pathogen that causes this disease. Larvae will usually emerge from infected snails that get into water and later penetrate human skin, finally end up in the human host where they mature into adult worms. They mate and the female deposits eggs. The eggs then move to intestines, and later are released either through stool or urine from the human body into water. They then proceed to produce in the water giving birth to what is known as miracidia, a larval form that can smoothly swim about. The miracidia enters a snail host and later comes out as the larvae (Shope 1).Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Schistosomiasis infections are common in African countries, South America and Asia with prevalence being high among women and younger people (Shope 1). A recent occurrence was witnessed in Mberengwa district, Zi mbabwe in March 2010. The outbreak affected quite a number of school going children. The parasites are favored by mid range temperatures of between 25 oC and 28 oC. This is bound to worsen as the effects of climate change continue to seriously bite globally. Human activities are also a menace to the environment and are slowly contributing to the spread of schistosomiasis (Shope 1). Several drinking water companies exist in America to offer quality water services. These companies are required to produce consumer confidence reports on a yearly basis and make them accessible to consumers. The York Water Company is one such company. The company’s 2009 Consumer Confidence Report indicates that the it provides water services to over 180,000 people in 43 communities in York and Adams County, Pennsylvania. Water used by this company comes from a variety of sources that include rivers and lakes. These sources may be contaminated with viruses and bacteria among other contaminants. The company uses nitrate for purification purposes and this can be harmful if not used in the correct amounts (TYWC 2). Works Cited Cotruvo, Joseph A., Dufour, Alfred., Rees, Gareth., Bartram, Jamie., Carr, Richard., Cliver, Dean O., Craun, Gunther F., Fayer, Ronald., and Gannon, Victor P. J. Waterborne Zoonoses: Identification, Causes and Control. World Health Organization, 2004. Web. https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/diseases/zoonoses.pdf. Shope, Robert E. Impacts of Global Climate Change on Human Health: Spread of Infectious Disease. Center for International Earth Science Information Network. n.d. Web. http://www.ciesin.columbia.edu/docs/001-367/001-367.html. The York Water Company (TYWC). 2009 Annual Drinking Water Quality Report. The York Water Company. 2009. Web. https://www.yorkwater.com/.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Water-Related Diseases specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Water-Related Diseases was written and submitted by user St1ngray to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Family Origins

For many years religion has helped to bring my family closer. Most of our family gatherings are in someway rooted in religion, and the traditions of our family are held in high regard. Religious experiences, whether they be the sorrow and celebration of life in a funeral, the happiness of a wedding, or the simple traditions of Christmas or Easter, help draw members of my family together. The level of faith and dedication to religion has at some points dwindled amongst members of my family, but religion is usually present in some way and will ultimately play a role in most decisions. Interviewing members of my family, has given me the impression that our religious beliefs and practices help us better understand the faith and bring us together with God. I am proud of my family’s past in regard to their religious accomplishments and the passion with which they act in the name of God. The McDonalds, my father’s family, is from a town near Wexford, Ireland. They were deeply rooted in Catholicism even before they came to America. By the time they came to America religion became an identifier for them. The family was very proud of their faith, and they felt it gave them a sense of belonging. Church was a daily event for the older generations in my family. This has changed drastically over the past few decades but, the tradition of a strong religious education has not. Most members of the family received their education in Catholic institutions. This has continued with my father and his brothers and sisters, as all of their children have attended or are attending Catholic grade schools, high schools, and colleges. My Grandmothers dedication to the faith is the beacon of the family. She practiced as a Franciscan nun until; financial problems forced her to work to help her family. She retired from the faith and eventually married but she never lost her dedication. After my grandfather passed, we all united in sorrow and,... Free Essays on Family Origins Free Essays on Family Origins For many years religion has helped to bring my family closer. Most of our family gatherings are in someway rooted in religion, and the traditions of our family are held in high regard. Religious experiences, whether they be the sorrow and celebration of life in a funeral, the happiness of a wedding, or the simple traditions of Christmas or Easter, help draw members of my family together. The level of faith and dedication to religion has at some points dwindled amongst members of my family, but religion is usually present in some way and will ultimately play a role in most decisions. Interviewing members of my family, has given me the impression that our religious beliefs and practices help us better understand the faith and bring us together with God. I am proud of my family’s past in regard to their religious accomplishments and the passion with which they act in the name of God. The McDonalds, my father’s family, is from a town near Wexford, Ireland. They were deeply rooted in Catholicism even before they came to America. By the time they came to America religion became an identifier for them. The family was very proud of their faith, and they felt it gave them a sense of belonging. Church was a daily event for the older generations in my family. This has changed drastically over the past few decades but, the tradition of a strong religious education has not. Most members of the family received their education in Catholic institutions. This has continued with my father and his brothers and sisters, as all of their children have attended or are attending Catholic grade schools, high schools, and colleges. My Grandmothers dedication to the faith is the beacon of the family. She practiced as a Franciscan nun until; financial problems forced her to work to help her family. She retired from the faith and eventually married but she never lost her dedication. After my grandfather passed, we all united in sorrow and,...

A Moment that Lasts Forever Essay Example for Free

A Moment that Lasts Forever Essay ? I turn around to see the audience cheering their lungs out for me. Even though I’ve been through so many competitions before, none of the competitions could even compare to the contrasting feelings I was having at the moment. Although at the time, I still did not know who won in the finals of one of the biggest competitions in California, nor did I know what the judges thought of me, I knew that I had successfully completed a memory that would have a big impact on my life. I knew that I had worked hard and tried my best, and even if I ended up not even winning a place, I would have earned something from this extreme event. My teacher had been trying to decide what piece to give me for my next competition: MTAC, the Music Teacher’s Association of California. What does that mean? It means that I will be competing in one of the biggest, and hardest competition in California again. It would be the 3rd time in this competition for me, after failing the first time, and barely achieving ‘Honorable Mention’ the second time. I knew that this was my chance, my chance to finally show all the critics, all the people that believed I was just a talentless girl with extremely well-known teachers, that I actually was able to play the piano. â€Å"Oh! How about this piece?† my mentor suggested.   I looked up to see my teacher, a young boy stuck in a old man’s body, look at me, so happy and excited about something that he was almost bouncing off the floor. I see him holding a green book, and I see as he opens the book to the 5th page, the words â€Å"Abegg Variations† by Schumann. I nearly fainted right there and then. â€Å"How did this teacher expect me to play this super hard piece that even Lang Lang made mistakes in when he played, when I couldn’t even play my Mendelssohn well?† I thought to myself, â€Å"but I probably can’t do anything about it, especially not with my mom looking like a dog that just managed to get its owner to give it a thousand bones, also.† The first big obstacle came quick enough. My mom announced that I was going to play at her student’s recital, only a few months after I first got the piece. I nearly fainted after all the screaming, crying, yelling I did. â€Å"It would be a good experience and excellent practice for your competition† she said. â€Å"But I’m not ready!† I replied back trying to use imploring eyes to achieve a change of mind. â€Å"You are playing, and that’s final!† she answered. I knew there was absolutely no point in arguing anymore, and that all I could do was practice. Turns out, I was completely right about one fact: I was not ready for this recital at all. I messed up, and I didn’t mess up small, I messed up humongous, huge, extreme, terrifyingly big. As I disembarked from the stage, I could just see how much practicing I would have to do to prepare for my second obstacle: my piano teacher’s recital. Apparently, all the practicing I did before this next recital was not enough, because I managed to embarrass myself at my piano teacher’s recital also. My fate was inevitable, and I knew by then that I was going to be practicing like crazy now, if I didn’t before. I also knew how furious my mom was going to be at me. My prediction was completely correct, as I was told to practice so much that my fingers were about to fall off. To be exact, I practiced sixty times for each variation, and Abegg Variations has multiple variations. T hough it took more than 4 hours every day, I stayed persistent, and slowly and steadily I improved. As I was about to go into a room for the first round of the competition, all I could think was†¦ â€Å"What if I mess up, what if I mess up†¦ I’m going to mess up, I’m going to mess up, I’M GOING TO MESS UP!!! GAHH~~!!!† The door holder called out, â€Å"Anna Yang†, and it was my turn. I went in, and was surprised to find three judges, different from the previous year. My face literally turned as bright as the sun when I did not see the judge that absolutely detests my teacher, *a*c* *e*s*n (for privacy reasons, I will exclude her name from this essay). I turned as hyper as a kid could become, and I was about to scream from happiness right then. Every single time I am in a competition, and she’s a judge, she always marks me down. Luckily, she was not here this time, and instead, sitting in her place, was a nice, friendly looking old lady, a not very skinny lady who’s facial expressions seemed a bit like the evil stepmother from Cinderella, and a Jasmine look-a-like lady who’s only difference from Jasmine was that she looked like she was about to poison me with a poisonous apple. As I bowed to them, I became more relaxed at the smile of the nice, friendly looking old lady. Although I was still frightened at the prospect of messing up, I was shaking a considerably less amount than I was before. I made a mistake, but I was lucky. Right when I made the mistake, the nice, friendly looking judge dropped her cushion from her chair, and everyone rushed to help her pick it up. My mistake had gone by unnoticed by the crowd. By that time, I was so ecstatic that my smile was about to reach the sky. The results of the first round came out soon enough. As I went on the MTAC website on my phone, I could hear both my mom’s heartbeat, and also my heartbeat beating as fast as a hare would beat while being chased by a extremely furious tiger. The page finally finished loading, and I scrolled down to see: Grand Prize: Anna Yang. I celebrated for about 2 minutes thinking about how all that practice had actually been beneficial, and then I realized what that meant†¦ I was going to have to compete one more time, this time against the winner of the Southern California group. I scrolled down to see who exactly I had to compete against during the final, and I went ballistic when I saw. Sherry Tang was the winner of Southern California. I was going to play against THE Sherry Tang, the girl who was on From the Top and won against college kids. The girl who won a national competition. By that time, I was already dead cast against the fact that I would never win, but my mom calmed me down with her comforting words, telling me that I should not give up, even if there is almost no chance of winning. I did not give up. I continued playing and practicing every day, and I ended up not regretting it. A few months later, a judge called out Sherry’s name before they called my name. As I heard the words â€Å"1st place, Anna Yang†, I walked towards the auditorium stage. As I walked on stage, I did not cry. I could only smile. Who wouldn’t? Why would you be unhappy about the fact that you had just won one of the biggest competitions in California? Though I do not practice as much anymore, I still always have a certain self-confidence while playing piano. I also learned that as long as I put in effort and I have fun, the audience and judges will also have fun, and they will feel the effort I have put in. A Moment that Lasts Forever. (2016, Dec 13).

BHS 400 STRESS MANAGEMENT (Module 4-SLP) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BHS 400 STRESS MANAGEMENT (Module 4-SLP) - Essay Example This article emphasizes the importance of stress management program to help students maintain comfortable and productive levels of daily stress. It explains Stress Relief Packs, Web-based Relaxation Exercises, Stress Management Peers, Educational Materials, Outreach Programs etc for stress management This article explains the importance of life style, fun and relaxation in stress management strategies. In some cases the best way to cope with stress is to accept things as they are, the article suggests. The article argues that if you can’t change the stressor, change yourself in order to tackle stress effectively. This article defines stress, explains the cause of stress and also possible precautions and treatment to stay away from stress. The author argues that excess usage of Caffeine, lack of Exercise, Relaxation/Meditation, Sleep, Time-outs and Leisure, Realistic Expectations etc are the main causes of stress. The author believes that learning of how to turn off the alarm system through various relaxation methods and how to not turn it on inadvertently in the first place can relieve stress immensely. This article explains Deep breathing, Muscular relaxation, and Visualization techniques to reduce stress. This article explains the assessment of stress, and also stress management program for an individual. Reduction of negative thoughts, Planning of some fun Refocus the negative into the positive Take a break, Think positively etc can be useful in managing stress as per this

Business management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business management - Essay Example Various management practices depend on the trust and empowerment that are designed to increase employee assurance to performance objectives and organizational objectives. The scenario of market place and space are rapidly changing since few years. Therefore these changing scenarios have convinced the management of company and shareholders to adopt a new archetype based on new values. For an example, in banking sector new financial products are jumping up in quick speed. These may create several problems and tough times for the management board in order to compete in this global competitive market. The organization cultures need to change according to the change of market place scenario. It involves understanding the current role, current culture. There is need for greater flexibility and speed that can be achieved through employee involvement in the management decision making. Due to high flexibility, employees get motivated to innovate without any kind of bureaucracy. Red tapes and bureaucracy generally aggravates employees and shuts them down. Employee involvement in management decision making is an old idea that has been frequently invigorated by new generation organizations across the globe. For an example, the oldest system of documented of employee participation is a particular document called â€Å"employee suggestion system† established in 1898. The return of nominal investments comes as superior level of employee motivation, productivity, creativity, and commitment that will shift the organization towards success.

The History of English Legal System Essay Example for Free

The History of English Legal System Essay I would like, therefore to discuss about the History of The Juries System, the roles and the composition of Juries System on how it was brought to the ENGLISH LEGAL SYSTEM. Firstly the modern jury derives out of the ancient custom of many ancient Germanic tribes whereby a group of men of good character was used to investigate crimes and/or judge the accused. The same custom evolved into the Vehmic Court system in medieval Germany. In Anglo-Saxon England, juries investigated crimes. After the Norman Conquest in 1066, some parts of the country preserved juries as the means of investigating crimes. The use of ordinary members of the community to consider crimes was unusual in ancient cultures, but was nonetheless also found in ancient Greece. The modern jury trial evolved out of this custom in the mid 12th century during the reign of Henry II. Juries, usually 6 or 12 men, were an ancient institution in some parts of England. (Henry II 286) Members consisted of representatives of the basic units of local government—hundreds (an administrative sub-division of the shire, embracing several vills) and villages. Called juries of presentment, these men testified under oath to crimes committed in their neighborhood and indicted. The Assize of Clarendon in 1166 caused these juries to be adopted systematically throughout the country. The jury in this period was self-informing, meaning it heard very little evidence or testimony in court. Instead, jurors were recruited from the locality of the dispute and were expected to know the facts before coming to court. The source of juror knowledge could include first-hand knowledge, investigation, and less reliable sources such as rumor and hearsay. Between 1166 and 1179 new procedures including a division of functions between the sheriff, the jury of local men, and the royal justices ushered in the era of the English Common Law. Sheriffs prepared cases for trial and found jurors with relevant knowledge and testimony. Jurors found a verdict by witnessing as to fact, even assessing and apply information from their own and community memory — little was written at this time and what was: deeds, writs, were subject to fraud. Royal justices supervised trials, answered questions as to law and announced the courts decision which was subject to appeal. Sheriffs executed the decision. These procedures enabled Henry II to delegate authority without endowing his subordinates with too much power. (Henry II 293) In 1215 the Roman Catholic Church removed its sanction from all forms of ordeal — procedures by which suspects were tested as to guilt (e. g. , the ordeal of hot metal was applied to a suspected thief by pouring molten metal into his hand, if the wound healed rapidly and well, it was believed God found the suspect innocent, if not then guilty). With the ordeals banned, establishing guilt would have been problematic, had England not had forty years of judicial experience. Justices were accustomed to asking jurors of presentment about points of fact in assessing indictments; it was a short step to ask jurors if the accused was guilty as charged. (Henry II 358) An early reference to a jury type group in England is in a decree issued by Aethelred at Wantage (997), which enacted that in every Hundred the twelve leading thegns together with the reeve shall go out and swear on the relics which are given into their hands, that they will not accuse any innocent man nor shield a guilty one. The resulting Wantage Code formally recognized legal customs that were part of the Danelaw . The testimonial concept can also be traced to Normandy before 1066, when a jury of nobles was established to decide land disputes. In this manner, the Duke, being the largest land owner, could not act as a judge in his own case. [ One of the earliest antecedents of modern jury systems are juries in Ancient Greece, including the city-state of Athens, where records of jury courts date back to 500 BCE. These voted by secret ballot and were eventually granted the power to annul â€Å"Unconstitutional Law†, thus introducing judicial review. In modern systems, law is self-contained and distinct from other coercive forces, and perceived as separate from the political life of the community, but all these barriers are absent in the context of classical Athens. In practice and in conception the law and its administration are in some important respects indistinguishable from the life of the community in general. In 1730, the British Parliament passed the Bill for Better Regulation of Juries. The Act stipulated that the list of all those liable for jury service was to be posted in each parish and that jury panels would be selected by lot, also known as sortition, from these lists. Its aim was to prevent middle-class citizens from evading their responsibilities by financially putting into question the neutrality of the under-sheriff, the official entrusted with impaneling juries. Prior to the Act, the main means of ensuring impartiality was by allowing legal challenges to the sheriff’s choices. The new provisions did not specifically aim at establishing impartiality, but had the effect of reinforcing the authority of the jury by guaranteeing impartiality at the point of selection. The example of early 18th century England legal reform shows how civic lotteries can be used to organize the duties and responsibilities of the citizen body in relation to the state. It established the impartiality and neutrality of juries as well as reiterating the dual nature of the citizen-state relationship 1 CRIMINAL TRIALS -juries hears 1% of criminal cases -tried by 12 jurors and a judge in Crown Court -Juries are Sole Arbiters of Fact (Bushell’s’ case, which will explained below) -Juries decides whether the defendant should be found guilty or not guilty CIVIL TRIALS -Juries in civil case has declined less than 1% -tried by 8 jury in (County Court) and 12 Jury in (High Court) juries were restricted to 4 areas; defamation, malicious prosecution, fraud and false imprisonment -Juries decide the defendant liability and the amount of damages to be awarded A Basic Summarisation of the Different Trial and their role held by the Jury Nevertheless, the independence of the jury has given recognition from the case of Bushell’s Case (1670), this case established that the jury were the, â€Å"sole judges of fact, with the right to give a verdict according to their conscience, and could not be penalized for taking a view of the facts opposed to that of the judge†. This case was a benefit to the legal system, as previously judges would try to intimidate or even bully juries into convicting a defendant, particularly where the crime had political implications. Therefore the importance of the jury system is that it could acquit a defendant, even when the law demanded a guilty verdict and it showed defendants that the trial by jury was not only a protection against injustice but also a loophole whereby real criminals could escape from â€Å"2. Besides that this rule remains today with a more modern examples stating that judges must respect the independence of the jury as in R v McKenna(1960) this case† the judge had threatened the jury, who had been deliberating for about two and quarter hours, that if they did not return a verdict of guilty within another ten minutes they would be locked up all night†, hence Justice Cassels stated it is a cardinal principle of our criminal law that in considering their verdict, concerning as it does, the liberty of the subject, a jury shall deliberate in complete freedom, uninfluenced by any promised, unintimidated by any threat, because they still stand between the Crown and the subject, and they are still one of the main defences of personal liberty†3. The Jury System is considered as a need because it is a significance part of the English legal system, although only a minority of the cases is tried by the jury in these days. In a sense it plays an important role in ensuring that the criminal justice system works for the assistance of the public rather than for the benefit of disproportionate leaders. It promotes not only a fair criminal justice system but also a healthy society, where political leaders cannot misuse criminal justice system to silence their opponents, hence according to LORD DEVLIN which he has wrote on 1956 â€Å"trial by Jury is more than an Instrument of Justice and more than a wheel of the Constitution; it is the lamp that shows that freedom lives†4. Moreover, as many scholars and practitioners have commented over the centuries, the common law jury that develops in Britain was branched in other parts of the world as a UNIQUE INSTITUTION. Therefore Juries are, it brings all together a small group of lay people whom are assembled on a temporary basis for the purpose of deciding whether an accused person is guilty of CRIMINAL act or which of two sides should prevail in a CIVIL dispute. Hence, the jurors are untutored in the formal discipline of law and its logic, besides that they hear and see confusing and challenging evidence and they were provided with instructions, most of the time only in a oral form, about easily understood legal concepts and sent into a room alone to decide a verdict without further help from the professional persons who developed the evidence. 5 Therefore the Juries service is a public duty that citizens should readily undertake, in practice, it is made compulsory, and failure to act/perform one’s civic responsibility is subject to the sanction of a ? ,1000 fine. Now, we may examine the eligibility and the selection process of the Juries, since it has also certain requirements need to be fulfilled. The basic requirements for a Jury Service are that a person must be aged between â€Å"18-70† and must have been a resident in the United Kingdom for atleast 5years. Therefore jurors are selected at random from the electoral register, which is the responsibility of a Central jury Summoning Bureau (CJSB) and the name are generated by the computer, for those who are not registered to vote and the homeless will not be selected. After the selection process, more than 12 people will be called by the Summoning Officers to be â€Å"officially† selected as the ‘panel’ of the case, but according to some certain circumstances those people are excused or disqualified for the certain reasons†¦. On the part of the excusals, those whom prior to the Criminal Justice Act 2003, such would be â€Å"The Juries Act 1974† stated those whom are eligible for excusals are those being part of a profession such as legal professionals, Member of Parliament and Doctors, but as result of Para 3 of Schedule 33 to the Criminal Act 2003,has removed the members of the judiciary and lawyers from the classes of those ineligible to eligible to serve as a Juries which can be seen in the case of R v Abdroikof (2007) and R v Williamson (2007), besides that, the AULD REVIEW recommended that everyone should be eligible except for those who are mentally disordered, those who have criminal conviction for more than 5 years. Evaluating whether the Jury System is an Outmoded Method of Determining Judgments and whether It should be removed or reformed To answer the following question that rose above, we should weight up the â€Å"arguments for and against† the Jury System in the English Legal S ystem. Firstly, there are several arguments for the Jury system in England that I would like to raise†¦. According to (Spooner,1852) â€Å"The central plank of trials within a jury based system is this: No free man shall be captured, and or imprisoned, or disseised of his freehold, and or of his liberties, or of his free customs, or be outlawed, or exiled, or in any way destroyed, nor will we proceed against him by force or proceed against him by arms, but by the lawful judgement of his peers, and or by the law of the land . 6 For an illustration, the Jury System reflects a democratisation of justice compared to a purely judicial system, it is merely necessary to consider the Socratic judgments of antiquity, or the very wide latitude given to Japanese judges today. The freedom of action and interpretation that is held by one individual in these cases has two primary problems. Firstly, justice is hugely dependent on the competence and impartiality of one person, with a single point of failure for corruption to be introduced. Secondly, judges have been of high social status throughout history, and thus can be criticised as having a possible lack of intuition and empathy with poorer defendants. This illustration is a practical example for the need of the Jury system. In addition, the jury is likely to have a greater experience of contemporary cultural trends and pressures then a judge who has spent 30-40 years in intense study of the law, and a correspondingly greater understanding and empathy with the actions of the parties involved in the case. A jury also often has far less of a stake in political issues†¦. Moreover the United Kingdom does have a somewhat unhappy history relating to judge-only proceedings, through the actions of the Northern Ireland Diplock courts. The Diplock courts were set up in 1972, with the brief of effectively intervening against terrorism. This very assumption could be seen to reflect the view that a purely judge based system was more likely to convict in these cases, and thus reflects the importance of jury trial in other cases. The Diplock courts, as might have been expected, then proceeded to be involved in several extremely contentious convictions, notably that of Christy Walsh. In this case, several sections of the trial were criticised for unfairness during the trial itself, with the defence faced by a judge apparently uninterested in this (British Irish Rights Watch, 2006)7. Therefore the Jury system could be fresh defence of injustice. According to Peter Jefferson, â€Å"We all know that permanent judges acquire an esprit de corps; that, being known, they are liable to be tempted by bribery; that they are misled by favor, by relationship, by a spirit of party, by a devotion to the executive or legislative; that it is better to leave a cause to the decision of cross and pile than to that of a judge biased to one side; and that the opinion of twelve honest jurymen gives still a better hope of right than cross and pile does. †8, this can be easily illustrated by the role of Lord Chancellor is the head of the judiciary and has a major role in the selection of judges, however he is also a member of the cabinet and the position is a political appointment decided on by the Prime Minister and the position has been strongly criticised as being involved in too many different functions of the State, besides that It has also been suggested that the Lord Chancellors selections of judges and also his special adviser could be biased because Lord Chancellor selected his special adviser from a small group he already knew, comprised mostly of white males.

Choir Changed My Life :: Narrative Essay

Choir Changed My Life Freshmen year of High School changed my life for the better, although at first I was very reluctant to think so. My mom and her boyfriend had been commuting for two years after he was offered a much better job in Las Vegas. We decided it would be best for me to finish up middle school and freshman year of high school, head out for the gambler’s city. This change was extreme for me and had I not gone, I would have never joined the choir, which is where this story begins. I walked into McKinney North High School (where all freshmen had to attend that year) and signed up for my first year of high school classes. My mom thought it’d be a good idea to join a club or an interactive, fun, and exciting class. I had my doubts at first, but I decided to join the school Choir. I wouldn’t have had much of a problem walking in on my first day, but Las Vegas school’s start a few weeks later than McKinney†¦so they were on their second nine weeks and had all gotten a chance to get to know each other. I on the other hand, walked in and silenced the room. Mr. Nelms, the Choir teacher, introduced me to the Choir and had me sing†¦in front of everyone. I was beyond nervous. Turns out I did OK and I was from then on, an alto. I realized I would be moving to McKinney High School from North after the re-zoning of school’s which I was actually very excited about. I had to face another new choir, and a new teacher Mr. Garms. Mr. Nelm’s referred a handful of us to be in Concert Choir. It turns out I was one of the few. I was too nervous to accept, for I didn’t think I was Concert Choir material quite yet. Turns out I made a lot of friends in Chamber Singers (the choir I ended up in) and couldn’t of been happier with my decision to stay. I was put in Concert Choir again my Junior year but still didn’t think I was quite ready, so again I got out of it and stayed in Chamber. I became the leader of my Choir and was the best sight reader.

Advantage of Internet Essay

But its all depends on how we use the INTERNET which is simply called as the backbone of world technology.. You might have heard that everything in this world has the other side, if one side is good, another side may be bad. Similarly, if one side is bad, another side will be good. This is the simple example, which may be applicable on the usage of internet. Internet, no doubt has made this world so wonderful, which we had never even dreamt of. For example, I am writing this answer for a person, who is thousands of miles away from my place. It is only internet, which has made our life so comfortable and informative, you name any information, it is just a click away from you. For professionals and students, this new virtual world has become very useful, it is like a sea or information or a reference book, which is always on your fingertips. As I mentioned, everything has the other side, internet too has the other side or negative side, which could badly spoil anyone especially children, who are exposed to many unwanted information like obscenity, sex, violence etc. They also get addicted to many things like online games, cartoons etc, which led to the deviation from studies and behavioral change. At last, I would like to say that parent should always keep watch on their wards and must ensure that their child don’t get exposed to unwanted content on internet, parents’ can also use the child lock or block the websites, which have the explicit content. The advantages are: information, communication and creation. For example, there is a vast amount of info on the Internet which can be used both by children and adults alike. Everyone uses the Internet for e-mail or blog. And everyday lots of new creations such as websites and forums are created and people use them in accordance to the values of the other 2 advantages. The disadvantages are: people can become addicted to the Internet. They will stay inside all day long and not stretch or anything. And, some people have  their head buried in their Blackberries all day long. Another disadvantage is that there are a lot of inappropriate sites on the Internet which children visit. They see things that are too old for them. Personally, i feel like it gives the child motives to study, because theres a lot to know, and the internet makes it seem interesting to know, it makes finding information easy, helps with answering questions, contacting the teachers, and staying in contact with friends, but then again, there are sooo many distractions; if the child doesnt have much self control, they wouldnt get anything done, but only use facebook, ect. And there are always alternatives to the internet, like cell phones to stay in contact, books to learn, and dictionaries to look up words. You dont REALLY need the internet. For an adult, I feel like they can use it to share things with friends, find out what they need to know, advertise, but theres distraction’s always for them too. There are advantages and disadvantages both aspects we find using internet by the children. To know about world’s information they can grab immediately through it and update themselves with the knowledge. The games, notes, puzzles, outdoor/indoor activities to develop their mind and many things are there which are useful to them. But to see computer continue might harm their eyesight, they may go to see towards negative pictures and video clips, give up concentrations towards study and more unusual moves will be created through internet. Internet has made the world narrow and reachable immediately for friendship and planning for new activities, communicating with different cultures and exchanging ideas as well as to know about new places and see in the picture lively. However, the bad aspect is to keep vulgar pictures in sharing and to scold others or threaten through internet has become much easy. Therefore, we might get both the things in the use of internet by the children in this society. The proliferation of Internet technologies has both advantages and  disadvantages. Internet is defined as a collection of various services and resources. Today, Internet has brought a globe in a single room. Right from getting news across the corner of the world to accessing knowledge resources to shopping, everything is at your fingertips. Internet has tremendous potential and a lot to offer in terms of services. However, like every single innovation in science and technology, Internet has its own advantages and disadvantages. And it has some effects also in students in their development socially, psychologically, physically, emotionally and spiritually. There is so much that students can do with the Internet. Not only can they communicate with other students, they can gain from others’ knowledge and experiences, participate in chat rooms, share ideas and solutions and learn about the many diverse cultures out there. And one of its advantages is the email. Email is a quick and easy way to stay in touch with family, friends, business contacts, and strangers. It doesn’t cost the price of a stamp and you don’t have to wait for days to get a response or answer. In the business world, it is any easy, fast way to keep in touch with co-workers and employers. Emails keep us from wasting valuable time being placed on hold when you need to contact someone regarding business or pleasure. Many students also use it to pass their projects via email and it’s because it is fast and reliable. And the other one is the Infinite storage of information. The Internet is a virtual treasure trove of information. Any kind of information on any topic under the sun is available on the Internet. The ‘search engines’ on the Internet can help you to find data on any subject that you need. And for students it could make their work easier like their homework but sometimes the information you get from Internet cannot be 100% right, because everybody can write  on Internet about everything. Entertainment is another popular reason why many students nowadays prefer to surf the Internet. In fact, media of internet has become quite successful in trapping multifaceted entertainment factor. Downloading games, visiting chat rooms or just surfing the Web are some of the uses people have discovered. There are numerous games that may be downloaded from the Internet for free. The industry of online gaming has tasted dramatic and phenomenal attention by game lovers. In fact, the Internet has been successfully used by people to find lifelong partners. When people surf the Web, there are numerous things that can be found. Music, hobbies, news and more can be found and shared on the Internet. And like Youtube where students usually visit to listen music. And when one is bored he could search for games he want and play. But despite its numerous advantages the Internet is not absolutely free of weak points. Thus, alongside with useful and beneficial information the Internet sources, sites that make pornography available to students are all over in the Web. In addition, too often the ease with which the information can be retrieved is not directly proportional to its quality and reliability. Many Internet users indicate as a flagrant problem the potential ability of dangerous strange fellows to make contact with students. Disadvanatages your eyes will be destroyed. no appetite in the food. when you’re having an assignment,you’ll immediately copy and then paste without reading and understanding it carefully pornographies unreliable informations you’re going to be a victim of some social networking sites like hacking, etc.

Girls Are Better Than Boys

A Famous Place In Our Country Today, Pangkor Island is a popular island destination for local and Singapore holiday makers. It gets extremely busy during school and public holidays. One operator on the island reported that approximately 2000 holidaymakers were left without a place to stay on the island during the Chinese New Year holiday period. Of course, many people assume that there's plenty of available rooms on the island and that reservations weren't necessary.Having said so, there are indeed quite a number of resorts, motels and inns on Teluk Nipah and Pasir Bogak. In particular, Teluk Nipah. One end of the beach is chock-full with chalets, A-huts, small resorts and and restaurants. The accommodation here is quite affordable for budget travellers although not quite as cheap as what can be found on Tioman. Located about 90km south west from Ipoh and reachable by free from Lumut in only 35mins, Pangkor Island is 8 square km big and inhabited by 25000 people, mainly fishermen.Pan gkor Island Beach Resort is the getaway from the metropolitan life to rest, relax and rejuvenate. Located between Penang and Kuala Lumpur, the journey from the country’s capital takes only about 3 hours to the coastal town of Lumut, either by car or limousine coach, the scenic landscape is an experience by itself. Pangkor Island is an idyllic and beautiful island resort for a free a carefree and relaxing holiday.It’s natural scenery of green hills and palm-fringed beaches of fine white sand lapped by the warm blue waters of the Straits of Malacca is truly magnificent. Therefore I chose the Pangkor island as a place famous in Malaysia because it does not need expensive costly and not wasting my time. We also will be soothed and comforted by natural flora and fauna of the island. Beside that, our mind will be fresh when there.

Miohippus - Facts and Figures

Miohippus - Facts and Figures Name: Miohippus (Greek for Miocene horse); pronounced MY-oh-HIP-us Habitat: Plains of North America Historical Epoch: Late Eocene-Early Oligocene (35-25 million years ago) Size and Weight: About four feet long and 50-75 pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Small size; relatively long skull; three-toed feet    About Miohippus Miohippus was one of the most successful prehistoric horses of the Tertiary period; this three-toed genus (which was closely related to the similarly named Mesohippus) was represented by about a dozen different species, all of them indigenous to North America from about 35 to 25 million years ago. Miohippus was a bit larger than Mesohippus (about 100 pounds for a full-grown adult, compared to 50 or 75 pounds); however, despite its name, it lived not in the Miocene but the earlier Eocene and Oligocene epochs, a mistake for which you can thank the famous American paleontologist Othniel C. Marsh. Like its similarly named relatives, Miohippus lay on the direct evolutionary line that led to the modern horse, genus Equus. Somewhat confusingly, although Miohippus is known by over a dozen named species, ranging from M. acutidens to M. quartus, the genus itself consisted of two basic types, one adapted for life on prairies and the other best suited to forests and woodlands. It was the prairie variety that led to Equus; the woodland version, with its elongated second and fourth toes, spawned small descendants that went extinct in Eurasia at the cusp of the Pliocene epoch, about five million years ago.

Three question need to be answered Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Three question need to be answered - Assignment Example Much of this issue stems from the problems that the public has in general with regards to understanding the many different qualities of food. Nutrition as an entire profession continues to slow down and may begin to vanish because individuals are more interested in the tastes of food rather than the nutritional aspects of food. The bulk of society is poorly educated in regards to food nutrition. In terms of food nurturance, this is a very select and remote part of the profession. If the entire profession as a whole is hurting because of a lack of public knowledge and education on the topic, it is clear that this miniscule part of the profession will be the first to go. This does not mean food nurturance specialists are not worthy of the same recognition and importance within food nutrition as other nutritional experts; it simply shows that this is not a widely-accepted and valued part of the industry. Although the Gingras article suggest many questions and alternatives to practicing teaching and discussing food and nutrition in an academic environment, one of the most critical discussions included keeping the instructor’s personal opinions and thoughts out of the discussion directly. Gingras admits that this is very difficult and has become a substantial problem in the writing and teaching style that has been utilized. Unfortunately, I believe that this is not a problem and that instructors must do what they can to involve their personal opinions and thought processes into the lectures and discussions. In fact, this is the purpose of the conversazione in the first place, to gather together and discuss food and nutrition. The problem here is that Gingras presupposes and the role of the instructor is merely to facilitate the conversazione without actually taking part in it. I believe that the purpose of the instructor is to facilitate the discussion by adding personal thoughts and

Employment Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Employment Relations - Essay Example References are also given about different stages of employment relations starting from the beginning of the industrial revolution which resulted in mass production and mass employment. It is also why labour pressed for living wages and why labour movements at different times are connected to the living wage (Blanchflower et al., 2007). Literature review for the paper was written by taking into consideration both hypothetical and practical aspects of the manner in which living wage is connected to the labour movement and why labour started the movement to be paid a living wage. Research for a living wage is quite a debatable area, and there are many different theories regarding the inception and implementation for a living wage. The review examines a few theoretical aspects and then reviews empirical evidence of some contemporary findings. Analysis of the literature suggests that the issue raised is pragmatic which must consider the framework of negative or positive domestic local factors that contribute to the overall analysis of current and past relationships between employers and employees. Conceptual issues involved were reviews which included the progression of employment relations since labour started demanding a living wage. Nevertheless, the purpose of the review is to evaluate the available evidence to reach a coherent conclusion about relevant viewpoints of employment relations. The demand for minimum wages depends upon different factors such as the overall demand for labour, skill required for the job and the cost incurred by the employer for the product. The most difficult aspect of this is calculating wages considering outside influences. Literature for the different aspects of individual and collective bargaining, including various steps taken to improve the relationship have been discussed in this paper (Coats,